2020 Kilauea eruption: Line of sight displacement revealed by Sentinel-1 Interferometry

Bridget Smith-Konter1, Liliane Burkhard1, Lauren Ward1, James Foster1, Xiaohua Xu2 and David Sandwell2

1Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA

2Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, USA
Kīlauea Volcano is erupting again! At 9:30 p.m. HST on December 20, the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) detected glow within Halemaʻumaʻu crater at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, indicating that an eruption had commenced within Kīlauea’s summit caldera. Stay informed about Kīlauea by following volcano updates and tracking current monitoring data provided by HVO or by signing up to receive updates by email.

The C-band Sentinel-1 satellites, operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), provide a 6-day coverage (ascending and descending tracks) of the Kilauea eruption. The data are available on the Sentinel Datahub. This page is to provide near-real time line-of-sight deformation data from Sentinel-1. We'll continue to post preliminary images for each repeat pass and update the line-of-sight data once they are available. The InSAR data are processed with open source software GMTSAR and mapped using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). The InSAR phase are filtered with a 120m Gaussian filter. The line-of-sight data are acquired by merging different swaths' phase and then unwrapped using snaphu (there is no deramping)

In the figures below, the left figures display line-of-sight (LOS) displacement with respect to the Sentinel radar. For ascending maps, red colors (positive) indicate motion toward the satellite (up or west) and blue colors (negative) indicate motion away from the satellite (down or east). For descending maps, red colors (positive) indicate motion again toward the satellite but now up or east, and blue colors (negative) indicate motion down or west. The right figures display a wrapped interferogram map, where each fringe represents 2.8 cm of ground displacement toward (or away) from the satellite.

Sentinel InSAR data for the 2018 eruption are also available here

Earthquakes in Hawaii: What you should know (courtesy of HVO)

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2020/11/23 - 2020/11/29

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2020/11/26 - 2020/12/02

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2020/11/29 - 2020/12/05

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2020/12/02 - 2020/12/08

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2020/12/05 - 2020/12/11

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2020/12/08 - 2020/12/14

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2020/12/11 - 2020/12/17

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2020/12/14 - 2020/12/20

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2020/12/17 - 2020/12/23

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2020/12/20 - 2020/12/26

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2020/12/23 - 2020/12/29

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2020/12/26 - 2021/01/01

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2020/12/29 - 2021/01/04

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2021/01/01 - 2021/01/07

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2021/01/04 - 2021/01/10

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2021/01/07 - 2021/01/13

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2021/01/10 - 2021/01/16

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2021/01/13 - 2021/01/19

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2021/01/16 - 2021/01/22

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2021/01/19 - 2021/01/25

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2021/01/22 - 2021/01/28

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2021/01/25 - 2021/01/31

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2021/01/28 - 2021/02/03

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2021/01/31 - 2021/02/06

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2021/02/03 - 2021/02/09

- not captured
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2021/02/06 - 2021/02/12

- kmz-files for Google Earth: LOS   Phase     - LOS ascii files: los.lltenud
Kilauea LOS Kilauea phase

Sentinel-1 Ascending: 2021/02/09 - 2021/02/15 -- coming soon

Sentinel-1 Descending: 2021/02/12 - 2021/02/18 -- coming soon

Sentinel InSAR data for the 2018 eruption

Acknowledgements:
We thank ESA for the rapid acquisition and distribution of their data. The development of the GMTSAR software, especially the processing chain for Sentinel-1, was supported by NASA and the National Science Foundation through the NASA Earth Surface and Interior program (NNX16AK93G), Geoinformatics program (EAR-1347204), and EarthScope program (EAR-1147435, EAR-1424374, EAR-1614875).